The maps in this edition were redesigned by Münster, who also added an appendix. The maps are particularly famous for their decorative elements including highlights such as Ferdinand Magellan’s ship the 'Victoria', a depiction of the 'Monoculi' (cyclops) on the map of Africa, the shipwreck of Saint Paul on the second map of Africa, the drawing of the elephant on the map of Ceylon, among others. The borders on the verso text on some of the maps have been attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger; and two are signed with the monogram of Adam Petri (1457–1527) a printer and bookseller in Basel.
 
Of the forty-eight maps included in this volume, one is especially notable: published half a century after Columbus’s initial landfall in the Caribbean, Münster’s map of America is the first separate printed map of the Western Hemisphere. Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica are all shown with the Florida Peninsula ('Terra Florida') to the north. Beyond this Quebec and Greenland are merged into a single landmass ('Francisca'). The southern continent is referred to as 'America' with few other details. The mouth of the River Amazon is represented by a large inlet. Spanish and Portuguese standards are placed in the Atlantic Ocean representing the territorial claims agreed upon in the Papal Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). 

To the west, Münster represents the Pacific Ocean, labelled 'Mare Pacificum', only the second time this name had been used on a map since Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation. Japan ('Zipangri'), still known only from the thirteenth century accounts of Marco Polo - who had heard tales of it but had never been there - appears as a very large, north-south oriented rectangular island off the west coast of North America. Marco Polo was also the source for Münster’s belief in the complex of 7,448 islands situated between Japan and the Asian mainland, which is, interestingly, the first use of a numerical statistic on a map. It is likely that these islands were the Philippines. By Münster’s time, direct European contact with the Philippines had been made, both by Magellan, who died there, and almost certainly by eastward-bound Portuguese explorers before him. Münster, on his map of Asia, has included the real Philippine Island of Pulane.

The Sunderland Collection

Sebastian Münster’s edition of Claudius Ptolemy's 'Geographia' established the convention that a universal atlas should include world and continental maps and was the first printed work to render latitude and longitude in their now-standard form. It also includes the first printed map of the Western Hemisphere, the first set of maps of the four continents, and the first printed map to name the Pacific Ocean.

Although it is not known who was responsible for the woodcut maps themselves, the decorative borders have been attributed to Hans Holbein the Younger. Indeed, Münster’s maps are particularly famous for their embellishments - there are forty-eight of them in total: twenty-seven ancient Ptolemaic maps, and twenty-one ‘modern’ maps. This very rare first edition also features rich contemporary hand colouring throughout.

Münster’s 1540 edition contains Ptolemy’s text translated by Willibald Pirckheimer (1470–1530) and revised by Michael Villanovus (also known as 'Michael Servetus'). Münster’s ‘Geographia’ and later his ‘Cosmographia’ of 1544 dominated the cartographic landscape of Northern Europe from their publication into the 1570s. His 'Geographia' in particular, with the addition of twenty-one 'modern' maps, reshaped how other publishers and mapmakers thought about constructing an atlas.

World map with wind heads on an oval projection

Armillary sphere 

Map projection 

World map on Ptolemy's second projection

Ptolemaic map of Great Britain

Ptolemaic map of  Spain

Ptolemaic map of France (Gaul)

Ptolemaic map of Germany

Ptolemaic map of modern Slovenia and part of Italy

Ptolemaic map of Italy

Ptolemaic map of the Balkans including Romania, Bulgaria, and Macedonia

Ptolemaic map of Greece including Macedonia, Crete and Cyprus 

Ptolemaic map of Northwest Africa, the Balearic Islands and the Western tip of the Mediterranean 

Ptolemaic map of the North of Central Africa including Libya, Tunisia and the Mediterranean

Ptolemaic map of Egypt

Ptolemaic map of Ethiopia, Libya, and Egypt

Ptolemaic map of Turkey and Cyprus 

Ptolemaic map of Samartia (Black Sea region)

Ptolemaic map of the Caspian Sea including Armenia, Turkey, and Georgia 

Ptolemaic map of Palestine, Syria, and Cyprus

Ptolemaic map of modern Iran 

Ptolemaic map of modern Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman

Ptolemaic map of modern Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan 

Ptolemaic map of modern Pakistan and Afghanistan 

Ptolemaic map of modern India 

Ptolemaic map of Southeast Asia

Ptolemaic map of modern Taprobana (modern Sri Lanka) 

New map of Europe

New map of England 

New map of Spain

New map of Gaul

New map of Switzerland

New map of Germany 

Alsace and Brisgow, France

Map of the Rhine

Map of the Rhine 9

Barbarian, map 5 of the Rhine

Swabians and Barbarians

Map of Franconian region

Map of Scandinavia 

Map of Poland

Map of Italy

Map of the Holy Land

Map of the New World

Map of Africa

Map of Asia

Map of Lake Constance

A fine example, in full original hand-colour, of the first edition of one of the most important and rarest atlases produced in the sixteenth century.

Universal Geography, old and new, including the eight books of the writings of Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria

Geographia Universalis, Vetus et Nova, Complectens Claudii Ptolemaei Alexandrini Enarrationis Libros VIII

Münster's 'Geographia' 
